Italian Podcast
…
continue reading
With Coffee Break Italian you can learn Italian where and when it suits you. In Season 1, you'll join teacher Mark, learner Katie and native speaker Francesca in our 15-minute lessons, and build your confidence in the language, learning Italian from scratch. Take your learning further with Season 2 in which Mark and Francesca are joined by learner Isla. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
…
continue reading
Weekly language learning podcast. Learn Italian through current events.
…
continue reading
Where's the toilet? Two coffees please! How much is it? Learn the basics in bite-sized pieces with Katie and Matteo. Also, don’t forget to subscribe to our You Tube Italian Channel to get more Italian lessons.
…
continue reading

1
Easy Italian: Learn Italian with real conversations | Imparare l'italiano con conversazioni reali
Matteo, Raffaele and the Easy Italian team
Take your Italian from learner to local with Matteo and Raffaele. Immerse yourself in authentic Italian as we share the ups and downs of daily life, interesting stories, and things that will surprise you about Italy. Plus, as a member, you’ll get interactive transcripts with a translation of your choice; bonus content; early access; and our magical vocabulary helper that shows you minute-by-minute translations while you listen. Com'è facile!
…
continue reading
Our Advanced Italian weekly program will allow you to listen to a normal speed conversation in real everyday Italian. You will not only improve your oral and reading comprehension of the language, you will also be more attuned to the Italian mind and way of regarding at the news. Each week our engaging hosts will share with you their views on international and Italian events and help you think and feel as a native Italian.
…
continue reading

1
SIMPLE ITALIAN PODCAST | IL PODCAST IN ITALIANO COMPRENSIBILE | LEARN ITALIAN WITH PODCASTS
Simone Pols
Learn Italian: easy and comprehensible Italian podcast. Achieve fluency by acquiring the language the natural way through comprehensible input in Italian. --- IT: Podcast in italiano comprensibile e facile per imparare l'italiano con input comprensibile in italiano. --- DE: Italienisch lernen mit Podcast auf leicht verständlichem Italienisch, um die Sprache mit interessantem Content zu lernen. Verständlicher Input Italienisch. -- FR: Podcast facile pour apprendre l'italien avec la méthode na ...
…
continue reading
Your home for Serie A and Italian football coverage. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
…
continue reading
Learn Italian with Anna, an experienced Italian teacher. 99% in Italian, designed to help intermediate learners become fluent. You’ll improve your Italian whilst learning about Italian culture and other topics. Go to LanguaTalk.com/italianpod for an interactive transcript of each episode. If you want to support Anna's work you can download the transcript from the SHOP https://buymeacoffee.com/unastoriaitaliannapodcast/extras For lessons with Anna: https://languatalk.com/tutors/1074
…
continue reading
Simplified audio lessons, printable guides, auto-graded quizzes, and specific action steps to help you learn Italian grammar with ease. This is the mission of the Italian Grammar Made Easy podcast! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
…
continue reading
LINGUA E CULTURA ITALIANA NEL MONDO
…
continue reading
Do you want to become fluent in Italian? I'm Carmine and I'm here to help you learn Italian with episodes that cover Italian culture, society, language, literature, food but also science, history and a lot more. Get the transcripts, vocabulary lists and exercises for each episode on italianglot.com
…
continue reading
Questo podcast è indirizzato a tutti coloro che vogliono migliorare il proprio italiano. In ogni episodio parlerò di vari argomenti in un italiano chiaro e facile da capire. I membri Patreon hanno accesso alle trascrizioni del Podcast e alla lista dei vocaboli con traduzione in inglese.
…
continue reading
An irreverent look at the world of Italian football (taking a potshot or two at its traditional giants along the way!) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
…
continue reading
Learn Italian listening to these podcasts in Italian. You will find many tips and information useful to learn this beautiful language!
…
continue reading
KBOO Radio is a community-powered station in Portland Oregon
…
continue reading
You can download the entire audio course on our website: www.linguaboost.com Boost your fluency in Italian with LinguaBoost! Each lesson contains useful everyday phrases related to a specific topic. You’ll learn the language in context, not just isolated words. All material is translated and spoken by native speakers. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/learn-italian-with-linguaboost--3598756/support.
…
continue reading
"Stop Italian Sounding: Uncovering Authentic Italian Food," hosted by Robert Campana, is a show for all enthusiasts of real Italian food and beverage. This show explores Italian food legends, history, and traditions, while simultaneously offering important tips and insightful interviews with industry professionals. Our mission is to educate about the differences between real Italian food and beverage products and Italian sounding products. Stop Italian Sounding LLC production
…
continue reading
Learn Italian by doing with the Italiano Semplicemente podcast! Short descriptions in Italian with the text also available on our website. You can become a member of our association for more audio, our courses for all levels, a nice whatsapp group and once a year you can participate in our meeting in Italy.
…
continue reading
Benvenuto/a al podcast di Vaporetto Italiano! . IT: Un podcast per imparare la lingua italiana e immergerti nella cultura del Bel Paese in compagnia di Francesco. Attraverso contenuti autentici e al 100% in italiano potrai portare il tuo italiano alle stelle! . EN: A podcast to learn Italian and to immerse yourself in the "Bel Paese" culture together with Francesco. Master the Italian language with authentic contents 100% in Italian!
…
continue reading
Learn (how to learn) Italian independently through your passions and interests. The unconventional podcast for learning Italian on your own with comprehensible input. Support the podcast to get the transcripts: https://ko-fi.com/theitaliancoach Get your guide (+worksheet) on how to boost your Italian listening skills with movies: https://italiancoach.net/come-usare-film
…
continue reading
Join The Italian Radio Hour every week as we share hidden gems of Italy, from food, to culture to travel to interesting stories of Italians. Ascoltaci anche tu! Proudly sponsored by Istituto Mondo Italiano, your gateway to anything Italian! www.istitutomondoitaliano.org Video interviews on our YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyJ1yaVcxq7BOrLlKylTDRQ #Italy #Italian #madeinitaly #italian #italiano #italoamerican #notizie #curiosita #entertainment #Food #travel #culture
…
continue reading
L'approfondimento della politica e dell'attualità vista dal Grigioni italiano.
…
continue reading
Interviews with Scholars of Italy about their New Books Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/italian-studies
…
continue reading
A weekly podcast (in slow and easy Italian) to practice your Italian and immerse yourself in the fabulous sea of Italian literature, culture and language. Every week a story from the past, the present, or the future to give you the opportunity to discover Italian culture. Let's learn together! You can join the newsletter, buy transcripts and extra here: www.piccolomondoitaliano.com
…
continue reading
Il podcast Italiano sui San Francisco 49ers a cura di 49ers Italian Fan Club
…
continue reading
This is We the ItaliaNews: Italy in english. A weekly podcast by We the Italians regarding Italy in english language
…
continue reading
Learn Italian with Teacher Stefano and Gaia | Impara l'italiano con Teacher Stefano e Gaia | Download transcripts here - Scarica qui le trascrizioni: https://bit.ly/3PLUwbF
…
continue reading
Pierluigi, italiano, criador de Vou Aprender Italiano e do Programa VAI, um programa de imersão na língua italiana para brasileiros.
…
continue reading
Learn Italian with Teacher Stefano and Prof. Mascia! | Impara l'italiano con Teacher Stefano e Prof. Mascia! | Download transcripts here - Scarica qui le trascrizioni: https://bit.ly/40xohSx
…
continue reading
SEASON 2 COMING SOON in Spring 2025!! Stop wishing you could speak Italian... And dive right into la dolce vita! Go beyond the basics with our story-based podcast that covers the culture, idioms, grammar and vocabulary of Italy. Season 1 episodes feature a dialogue between American tourists and local Italians they meet in Rome, and then a lively roundtable with hosts Erin and Elisa. Season 2 (coming soon!) is Italian for Travelers: a Field Guide to Italy. *For full episodes and roundtables, ...
…
continue reading
Impara l’italiano con LearnAmo – grammatica, esercizi, video e tanto altro ancora!
…
continue reading
Rassegna delle principali news estere che riguardano l'Italia e gli Italiani Diventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/ristretto-italiano--4779077/support.
…
continue reading
The Italian Impact Podcast is a local podcast recorded out of the Pittsburgh area which streams on a regular basis. The host, Steve ’Stefano’ Mancini, has a great variety of guests from all over the world. The show has a lot of impactful stories, with a very uplifting atmosphere which will have you hooked in no time!
…
continue reading
Il Primo Podcast Divulgativo sul Vino dall'Enologo Digitale di @italian_wines.
…
continue reading
Un modo facile e naturale per arrivare a parlare l'italiano come dei veri italiani! Ascoltate, guardate i video e soprattutto DIVERTITEVI! :-)
…
continue reading
Speak Italian like crazy in no time! Improve your grammar and vocabulary with conversations, common phrases, and short stories even in your car.
…
continue reading
Ciao, vuoi imparare a parlare come un vero italiano? My Italian Podcast è lo strumento che fa per te! Qui ascolterai espressioni di uso comune, proverbi e curiosità della lingua italiana in maniera facile e divertente attraverso auteniche conversazioni tra due madrelingua.
…
continue reading
Pills of Italian grammar, vocabulary and other language features. Diventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/pillole-di-italiano--4214375/support.
…
continue reading
The Italian Wine Podcast is a storytelling project dedicated to the fascinating world of Italian wine. New episodes are published every day – so stay tuned! With more grape varieties and more diverse grape growing regions than any other country in the world, the story of Italian wine is a rich and captivating one. While the popularity of Italian wine continues to grow in every corner of the globe, inspired by a deep affection for the Italian way of life, the Italian Wine Podcast seeks to ent ...
…
continue reading
Weekly Summary of Likkutei Sichos in Italian
…
continue reading
Se vuoi imparare l'italiano, sei nel posto giusto! Io sono Irene Regini, e nel mio podcast "Italiano Bello" troverai tanti episodi in italiano semplice. Parleremo del più e del meno (cioè... di tutto): di vita quotidiana e cultura italiana, di lingua e letteratura, di suggerimenti per imparare l'italiano, delle mie riflessioni personali e... tanto altro! Ascolta gli episodi e iscriviti a "Pronti, partenza... via!", il corso gratuito dove ti darò tutti i miei consigli per studiare l'italiano ...
…
continue reading

1
Italian Podcast italiano facile Quattro Stagioni con Laura, by Alessandra Pasqui
Alessandra Pasqui
Il podcast d'Italiano per chi ama l'italiano! Ogni settimana un nuovo episodio: vi parlo di attualità, cultura, ma anche del mio mondo e dei miei amici. Per imparare l'italiano in modo divertente! Livelli A1 e A2-B1.
…
continue reading
The Italian American Podcast is the first and most engaging podcast dedicated to helping Italian Americans learn about and celebrate their brilliant heritage. We're obsessed with our heritage, and each week we’ll discuss all things Italian American- including history and family traditions, genealogy, recipes, language, and more with smarts, heart, and a lot of laughs! We’ll be joined by celebrity guests, experts, authors, and everyday Italian Americans for honest and thoughtful conversations ...
…
continue reading

1
CBI Scenes 1.10 | L’inizio di un amore
24:49
24:49
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
24:49Join Francesca and Mark for the last Chapter of Scenes from the Coffee Break Italian Café! Summer has finally arrived, and as two high school students return, there's a noticeable shift in the atmosphere between them. What happens next could very well change everything for them... Click here to access the premium course of Scenes, which includes ac…
…
continue reading

1
24/25, Ep.152: The Serie A Men season review and TIF Awards (Pt.II)
1:19:37
1:19:37
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
1:19:37The 2024/25 Men's Serie A season has come to an end with Napoli claiming the Scudetto at Inter's expense, and Bologna winning the Coppa Italia. Euan Burns, Conor Clancy, Kev Pogorzelski and Ben Dixon are here with the Total Italian Football Podcast to look back on the season as a whole, dish out our all-important awards, and check on our pre-season…
…
continue reading

1
Calendar Dates, Seasons and Weather | Italian for Travelers | S2 Ep7
30:23
30:23
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
30:23In today’s episode, you’ll learn how to fill up your calendar with dates… literally! First, we follow our character Kristi through an outdoor Italian market and learn all about the days of the week, months, years and seasons. Then, Elisa teaches us how to make small talk about the weather. But to get the most out of Italian for Travelers, head to o…
…
continue reading

1
246 - Voci d'Italia: un viaggio tra le minoranze linguistiche
19:52
19:52
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
19:52Questo episodio del nostro Simple Italian History, rubrica del Simple Italian Podcast, è la seconda parte dell'episodio sui Ladini ed Occitani e oggi parliamo di nuovo di minoranze linguistiche in Italia. Buon ascolto! ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 🚀 La masterclass sulle espressioni idiomatiche PARLA COME UN ITA…
…
continue reading

1
Ep. 2371 Erin DeMara of WineKnow Inc | Wine, Food & Travel with Marc Millon
45:30
45:30
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
45:30Welcome to episode 2371 of the Italian Wine Podcast, and episode 194 of Wine, Food & Travel with Marc Millon. Today Marc’s guest is Erin DeMara of WineKnow Inc. More about today’s guest: Erin DeMara Erin DeMara IWA is a wine and restaurant industry expert with a 29-year career. For the past seven years, he has been working with 1821 Fine Wine and S…
…
continue reading

1
186: Have Fun in Italian: The Right (and Wrong) Way to Say It
14:11
14:11
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
14:11How do you say have fun in Italian? Spoiler: you don’t even use the word have. Learn the right (and wrong) phrases to use instead Learn about our Online Italian School and get a free mini lesson every week: https://joyoflanguages.online/italian-school Subscribe to our new YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@joyoflanguages.italian?sub_confirma…
…
continue reading

1
#6 - ITALIA NERA - IL DELITTO DI COGNE
15:21
15:21
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
15:21>> Get the transcript here! Tra i tantissimi casi di cronaca nera che hanno polarizzato l’opinione pubblica italiana, quello passato alla cronaca come delitto di Cogne è senza ombra di dubbio uno dei più celebri: merito, o forse sarebbe più appropriato dire colpa, di uno degli omicidi più efferati che la cultura popolare recente ricordi. Non solo p…
…
continue reading
In this lesson you'll learn the following phrases: Where are you? / I am at the beach. / I am at home. / I am at work. / I am at the post office. / I am going to the post office. / I am at the bus stop with my wife. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/learn-italian-with-linguaboost--3598756/support.…
…
continue reading

1
149: Filosofia in italiano: siamo cattivi perché siamo ignoranti?
27:05
27:05
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
27:05Chi era Socrate? Perché non ha mai scritto nulla? E cosa lo ha portato alla condanna a morte? Lo scopriremo in questo episodio di filosofia in italiano. The post 149: Filosofia in italiano: siamo cattivi perché siamo ignoranti? first appeared on .โดย Carmine Albanese
…
continue reading
Entrare in un supermercato italiano per la prima volta può sembrare un'esperienza normale, ma nasconde tante piccole differenze culturali che vale la pena conoscere. Per chi studia l'italiano, fare la spesa rappresenta un'ottima opportunità per praticare la lingua in situazioni quotidiane e imparare vocabolario specifico.Il Supermercato - Guida pra…
…
continue reading
โดย KBOO Community Radio
…
continue reading

1
Ep. 17 | Piccole gioie quotidiane 🍀
24:45
24:45
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
24:45Scarica la trascrizione qui: https://bit.ly/4mAc8X2 Scopri miei corsi: https://bit.ly/3Z68xopโดย Teacher Stefano
…
continue reading
News 1: L'Occidente revoca le restrizioni di gittata sull'uso delle armi occidentali fornite all’Ucraina News 2: Gli Stati Uniti commemorano il quinto anniversario della morte di George Floyd News 3: Scimmie a Panama osservate mentre rapiscono cuccioli di altre specie News 4: Il regista iraniano bandito dal cinema vince il Festival di Cannes 2025 G…
…
continue reading
No non siamo impazziti, ma oggi parliamo del Napoli, della sua ultima vittoria e di un segreto, un segreto che ha a che fare con temperature, viaggi e lavoro. Trascrizione interattiva e Vocab Helper Support Easy Italian and get interactive transcripts, live vocabulary and bonus content: easyitalian.fm/membership Note dell'episodio 6 Italian TV Seri…
…
continue reading

1
IAP 370 PT. 2 Diplomacy in Little Italy: The Consul General of Italy in NY
1:06:24
1:06:24
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
1:06:24We are back for Part 2! What does it truly mean to be Italian in today's interconnected world? This question guides our exploration into the intricate world of Italian American cultural identity and education. We tackle the stereotypes that often misrepresent Italian Americans and reveal their essential role in promoting "Made in Italy" products. O…
…
continue reading
Come sempre, iniziamo dando uno sguardo alle ultime notizie. Apriamo con una discussione sulla decisione di Germania, Francia, Gran Bretagna e Stati Uniti di abolire le restrizioni sulla gittata di 70 km imposte alle armi fornite all'Ucraina. Quindi, in occasione del quinto anniversario della morte di George Floyd, rifletteremo sull’attuale stato d…
…
continue reading
Si parla tanto di intelligenza artificiale: non dobbiamo assolutamente dimenticare la nostra intelligenza naturale! Trascrizione ed esercizi su www.podcastquattrostagioni.ch
…
continue reading
"Che" is the most common relative pronoun in Italian, while "quale" is more formal, agrees in number, and is often used with prepositions. Start learning Italian today! 1. Explore more simple Italian lessons: https://italianmatters.com/193 2. Download the Italian Verb Conjugation Blueprint: https://bit.ly/freebieverbblueprint 3. Subscribe to …
…
continue reading

1
Ep. 17 | La mia avventura negli Stati Uniti 🇺🇸
12:18
12:18
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
12:18Scarica la trascrizione qui: https://bit.ly/4jkp8go Scopri miei corsi: https://bit.ly/3Z68xopโดย Teacher Stefano
…
continue reading

1
IIW - Episode 107 - Glenn Beech
48:22
48:22
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
48:22What a wonderful episode! Glenn and I have a very good conversation about memories and what the difference is between living in the past and remembering the past. Glenn has been slowly gathering memories and writing them down so he can pass them on to his family, what a great idea! Tune in to understand more about why we need to record and pass dow…
…
continue reading
La Romania ha eletto un nuovo presidente La crisi di consensi del governo di Keir Starmer Il Salone internazionale del Libro, tra grandi numeri e “grande stanchezza” La consacrazione di Jasmine Paolini Bronzi di Riace, o forse no
…
continue reading
Ti è mai capitato di studiare tanto, ma sentirti bloccato proprio quando vuoi parlare? In questo episodio ti racconto perché, a volte, voler troppo ci allontana dal risultato. Support the podcast and get the full transcript in pdf here: https://ko-fi.com/theitaliancoach Grab your free e-book on how to boost your listening ski…
…
continue reading
In today's episode, I discuss the structure of Italian sentences, with a particular focus on the position of the subject. If you want to know more, keep listening! :) Read the script here: https://ilazed.com/2025/05/28/dove-va-il-soggetto-in-italiano/ ___________________________ You can book a trial lesson with me by writing an email at: ilalazed@g…
…
continue reading
*Accadde il 27 maggio* Oggi è il compleanno di un uomo dal tocco elegante, dal tiro preciso e dallo stile impeccabile. Facciamo gli auguri a Roberto Mancini, nato il 27 maggio 1964 a Jesi, nelle Marche. Per chi vive il mondo del calcio questo è un nome che evoca classe, genio calcistico e, soprattutto, la rinascita del calcio italiano. Mancini ha c…
…
continue reading

1
Nunzia, the Queen of Orecchiette of Bari
43:36
43:36
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
43:36This week on The Italian Radio Hour - Recently, I had the pleasure to spend time in Bari and have a one-on-one mini orecchiette class with the one and only Nunzia, known to the world as the Queen of Orecchiette.A true icon of Bari Vecchia, Nunzia, with her expert hands and welcoming smile, has become a living symbol of Apulian culinary traditions. …
…
continue reading

1
Ep. 4.36 - And now, the end is here...
27:32
27:32
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
27:32The final weekend of the season brought drama and delight in Naples, and frustration in the lagoon. Napolil are champions, Fiorentina sneak into Europe, and Venezia put in another good performance, but not enough against Juve. Serie B coverage fans will be delighted... Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.…
…
continue reading

1
Camilla Annerfeldt, "Clothing and Identity in Early Modern Rome" (Bloomsbury, 2025)
30:22
30:22
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
30:22Camilla Annerfeldt joins to discuss Clothing and Identity in Early Modern Rome (Bloomsbury, 2025). This is the first book-length exploration of the clothes worn in early modern Rome and provides novel insights into the city of Rome during one of its most fascinating periods. It also challenges the notion – well-established in dress historical resea…
…
continue reading

1
What makes Balsamic Vinegar of Modena PGI so unique?
11:19
11:19
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
11:19Not all balsamic vinegar is created equal—and most people don’t realize there are two protected types. In this episode, we focus on Aceto Balsamico di Modena IGP (Balsamic Vinegar of Modena PGI)—the more widely available, yet often misunderstood version. You’ll learn how it’s made, what the PGI seal really means, and how to spot authentic bottles f…
…
continue reading
Oggi parliamo di "quello che" e come usarlo in italiano per conversazioni più fluide e naturali. Support the show
…
continue reading

1
Italian Red & Gold S.8 Ep.02 - Draft 2025
1:13:52
1:13:52
เล่นในภายหลัง
เล่นในภายหลัง
ลิสต์
ถูกใจ
ที่ถูกใจแล้ว
1:13:52Puntata di analisi del draft 2025 dei San Francisco 49ers. In studio Enzo, Igi e Stefano. Siamo lieti di aver pututo ospitare, anche se da remoto, il fine conoscitore NCAA Oleg Bogdea, penna e voce di: La strada verso il draft, Podcast verso/dopo il draft, Scusate il Collage Football. Su tutte le piattaforme podcast oltre la Live Video di YouTube.…
…
continue reading
Support the showโดย Learn to Speak Italian
…
continue reading